Ge Hong, a renowned physician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, held that the methods of DaoyinInducing and Conducting Qishould be diversified. He pointed out in his book Bao Puzi's Inner Treaties: "Flexing or stretching, bending or up-facing, walking or lying, leaning or standing, pacing or strolling, chanting or breathing are all methods of daoyin." He believed that the function of qigong is "to cure diseases not yet contracted and dredge discordant qi. Once it gets working, qi will flow unimpededly everywhere." He also commented on applying exhalation and in- halation, expiration and inspiration to "conducting qi", which can "keep in good health internally and eliminate pathogenic factors externally".
In the Ming Dynasty, the renowned physician and pharmacologist, Li Shizhen (l518-l593), pointed out in his Guidebook to Acupuncture and Moxibustion that those who learn acupuncture and moxibustion should practice still sitting exercises first, thus "in the human body the circulation of qi and blood in the channels and the opening and closing of the functional activities Of qi can have a reliable foundation".
After the Revolution of 1911, some intellectuals advocated still sitting exercises. Their representative works include: Jiang Wriqiao's Yinshi Zi Still Sitting Exercises and Chen qianming's The Health Preserving Method of Tranquility.
After October,1949 in China, quite a number of men of insight further systematized and formulated a multitude of new training maneuvers. In l955, China founded a qigong sanatorium in the city of TangShan, Hebei Province, observed and summed up the clinical curative effects of qigong therapy. In l956, training courses in qigong were further set up successively in TangShan and Beidwhe, Hebei Province, fostering a large number of qigong specialists for many places of the country.
In October, l959, the Ministry of Public Health of the People's Republic of China held the First National Meeting to exchange experiences in qigong in Beidaihe, Hebei Province. The representatives of 64 units from l7 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of the country attended the meeting. Since l978, the personnel conducting scientific research in Beijing and Shanghai have continually adopted modern scientific instruments to carry out multi-discipline comprehensive research into gi-gong. Qigong then stepped into the ranks of science and has evoked a new task of exploring the science of the human body and life.
In recent years, qigong has been widely used to treat many chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis, hypertension, pyknocardia, bronchial asthma and neurasthena. Qigong also has certain curative effect on certain acute diseases like acute appendicitis. Qigong can also serve as an anesthetic means in certain surgical operations
At present the application and research of qigong have gone far beyond the scope of medical hygienics. It is estimated that the application and research of qigong may profit human beings greatly and play an important role in probing the secrets of the human body, while founding a new science of both the human body and life in general. The age-old Chinese qigonq will make contributions to the health and longevity of people all around the world.
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